Good vs. Evil
The Fellowship
The Fellowship is filled with characters, much like disciples, that want to do good for Middle Earth and protect those that inhabit it. Gandalf, the Hobbits (Frodo, Sam, Merry, and Pippin), Elves (Legolas), Dwarves (Gimli), and some humans are considered to be the good beings, like Aragorn.
These beings fight for the well-being of Middle Earth, and to protect one another along the journey to destroy the ring. Throughout the series there are many battles, but good always wins.
Gandalf always makes sure that the rest of the Fellowship is safe before continuing on their journey and is often willing to sacrifice himself in order to save them. Frodo shares this selflessness and although he thinks he cannot finish what he set out to do, continues on because he knows that it is the right thing to do.
The other Hobbits within the Fellowship, Sam, Merry, and Pippin risk their lives to help Frodo on his journey to destroy the ring. When Frodo feels like he cannot climb Mount Doom to throw the ring into the lava pit, Sam states "I can't carry it for you, but I can carry you!" This shows Sam's loyalty to Frodo and to the people of Middle Earth.
Legolas, Gimli, and Aragorn all serve as protectors too. Legolas, an Elf, is considered to be the purest of creatures within Middle Earth. Aragorn can heal the injured and always fights for what is right.
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Saruman
Saruman the White began as a wizard and was head of the White Council. He opposed Sauron, the creator of the One Ring, but later found that he wanted possession on the ring for himself. This lead to the fall of Saruman.
In the beginning, Saruman and Gandalf shared many of the same values, as they served in the White Council together, fighting for the same reasons. But similar to the story of Jesus being betrayed by Judas, Saruman turned on Gandalf due to selfishness and pride, and later became a commander for the army of the Dark Lord Sauron.
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Sauron's Army
Sauron, the Dark Lord and creator of the One Ring, created an army filled with Orcs, Uruk-hai, Goblins, Trolls, and Nazgûl.
The characters that made up this army have an appearance of what evil looks like. They carry heavy, bulky armour made of iron and are often associated with the colours of black and red in the paint they have on their bodies, and the bulky iron armour they wear. They are disfigured creatures and sometimes look like demons.
This army fought in many battles throughout the series such as the Last Alliance of Elves and Men, where Sauron was defeated once when his finger containing the ring was cut from his body, and the Battle of the Black Gate. The Battle of the Black gate is the final battle of the series It was a fight between Rohan, Gondor, and the Great Eagles (the good), and Mordor, Harad, and Rhûn (the bad). The battle was won by the good side, and the ultimate defeat of the Dark Lord Sauron took place when Frodo destroyed the One Ring inside Mount Doom.